{"id":7197,"date":"2023-08-23T11:07:23","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T03:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/?p=7197"},"modified":"2023-08-23T11:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T03:07:23","slug":"django%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e5%ae%89%e5%8d%93app%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/2023\/7197\/","title":{"rendered":"django\u5f00\u53d1\u5b89\u5353app\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Django\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5353app\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cDjango\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Python\u9ad8\u7ea7Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u9f13\u52b1\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u867d\u7136Django\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5353app\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06Django\u7528\u4f5c\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u4e3a\u524d\u7aef\u5b89\u5353\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u548c\u6570\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

### 1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eDjango<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5Python\u548cpip\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5Django\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`bash<\/p>\n

pip install django<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684Django\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`bash<\/p>\n

django-admin startproject my_api_project<\/p>\n

cd my_api_project<\/p>\n

python manage.py startapp my_api_app<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a”my_api_project”\u7684Django\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a”my_api_app”\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e(settings.py)\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u57df\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

INSTALLED_APPS = [<\/p>\n

# …<\/p>\n

‘corsheaders’, # \u6dfb\u52a0 corsheaders<\/p>\n

# …<\/p>\n

]<\/p>\n

MIDDLEWARE = [<\/p>\n

# …<\/p>\n

‘corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware’, # \u6dfb\u52a0 CORS \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6<\/p>\n

# …<\/p>\n

]<\/p>\n

# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u57df\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u5b89\u88c5\u201ccorsheaders\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`bash<\/p>\n

pip install django-cors-headers<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

### 2. \u521b\u5efaAPI\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u5728my_api_app\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b(models.py)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

from django.db import models<\/p>\n

class Article(models.Model):<\/p>\n

title = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n

body = models.TextField()<\/p>\n

def __str__(self):<\/p>\n

return self.title<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668(serializers.py)\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

from rest_framework import serializers<\/p>\n

from .models import Article<\/p>\n

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):<\/p>\n

class Meta:<\/p>\n

model = Article<\/p>\n

fields = ‘__all__’<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe(views.py)\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49API\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

from rest_framework import generics<\/p>\n

from .models import Article<\/p>\n

from .serializers import ArticleSerializer<\/p>\n

class ArticleListCreate(generics.ListCreateAPIView):<\/p>\n

queryset = Article.objects.all()<\/p>\n

serializer_class = ArticleSerializer<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u5728urls.py\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

from django.urls import path<\/p>\n

from .views import ArticleListCreate<\/p>\n

urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n

path(‘api\/articles\/’, ArticleListCreate.as_view(), name=’articles’),<\/p>\n

]<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u63a5<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684urls.py\u4e2d\u5305\u542bmy_api_app\u7684URL\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`python<\/p>\n

from django.contrib import admin<\/p>\n

from django.urls import path, include<\/p>\n

urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n

path(‘admin\/’, admin.site.urls),<\/p>\n

path(‘api\/’, include(‘my_api_app.urls’))<\/p>\n

]<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u540d\u4e3a\u201carticles\u201d\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5API\uff0c\u8bf7\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`bash<\/p>\n

python manage.py runserver<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee[h\u5b89\u5353app<\/a>ttp:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/articles](http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/articles) \u67e5\u770bAPI\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

### 3. \u5728\u5b89\u5353\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Django API<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5353\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93(\u5982Retrofit\u6216Volley)\u8bf7\u6c42Django API\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aRetrofit\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c06Retrofit\u53ca\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u5e93\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u5b89\u5353\u9879\u76ee\u7684build.gradle\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`gradle<\/p>\n

dependencies {<\/p>\n

implementation “com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0”<\/p>\n

implementation “com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0”<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\u7684Retrofit\u670d\u52a1\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`java<\/p>\n

import retrofit2.Call;<\/p>\n

import retrofit2.http.GET;<\/p>\n

public interface ArticleApi {<\/p>\n

@GET(“api\/articles\/”)<\/p>\n

Call<\/p>\n

> getArticles();<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cApiClient\u201d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u7c7b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406Retrofit\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`java<\/p>\n

import retrofit2.Retrofit;<\/p>\n

import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;<\/p>\n

public class ApiClient {<\/p>\n

private static String BASE_URL = “http:\/\/10.0.2.2:8000\/”;<\/p>\n

private static Retrofit retrofit;<\/p>\n

public static Retrofit getApiClient() {<\/p>\n

if (retrofit == null) {<\/p>\n

retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()<\/p>\n

.baseUrl(BASE_URL)<\/p>\n

.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())<\/p>\n

.build();<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

return retrofit;<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u7684Activity\u6216Fragment\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001API\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n

“`java<\/p>\n

private void fetchArticles() {<\/p>\n

ArticleApi articleApi = ApiClient.getApiClient().create(ArticleApi.class);<\/p>\n

Call<\/p>\n

> call = articleApi.getArticles();<\/p>\n

call.enqueue(new Callback<\/p>\n

>() {<\/p>\n

@Override<\/p>\n

public void onResponse(Call<\/p>\n

> call, Response<\/p>\n
> response) {<\/p>\n

if (response.isSuccessful()) {<\/p>\n

List<\/p>\n

articles = response.body();<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

@Override<\/p>\n

public void onFailure\u5b89\u5353app\u5236\u4f5c<\/a>(Call<\/p>\n

> call, Throwable t) {<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

});<\/p>\n

}<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5728Django\u540e\u7aef\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5b89\u5353\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u4e86API\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8ba9\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0(\u5982iOS\u3001\u5b89\u5353\u548cWeb)\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Django\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5353app\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cDjango\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Python\u9ad8\u7ea7Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u9f13\u52b1\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u867d\u7136Django\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5353<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[917,13071,13070,14,322],"class_list":{"0":"post-7197","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-zuoapp","7":"tag-917","8":"tag-app","10":"tag-14","11":"tag-322"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7197\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhidianwl.com\/zhidian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}